Stereo apparatus for plastic reproduction.



E. VON OREL. STEREO APPARATUS FOR PLASTIC REPRODUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 13 1911.

1,090,493, Patented Mar. 17, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

WW/am E. VON OREL.

STEREO APPARATUS FOR PLASTIC REPRODUCTION.

APPLIOATION FILED DBO.13, 1911.

U d 1 l 0 lk L 1 III E. VON OREL.

STEREO APPARATUS FOR PLASTIC REPRODUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED D3013, 1911 1,090,493. Patented Mar.17,1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

stereo-comparator.

EDUARD VON OREL, or

VImA,"AETSTRIA-HUNGABY, ASSIGNO R TO THE FIRM OF CARL EEISS, OF JENA,GERMANY.

STEREO APPARATUS FOR PLASTIC REPRODUCTION.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EDUARD VON OREL, acitizen of Austria, residing at Vienna, Austria-Hungary, have invented anew and useful Stereo Apparatus for Plastic Reproduction, of whichthefollowing is a specification. I

The object of the present invention is to enable a single person to copyfrom astereoscopic pair of photograms of an object of three dimensionsnot only without calculation, viz. principally mechanically, but also ina sense automatically the surface of this object, as far as the same isimaged in both photograms, or any linear or punctual elements of thissurface with the aid of a pointed member, this member either being amovable tool adapted to work out the copy directly from the material tobe formed, or serving only as a gage, as in a machine for locatingpoints in sculpture. The new ap aratus which solves this problem, is acombination of a stereo-comparator, the copying device proper and asystem of actuating devices, which latter may be very simple, but mayalso be comparatively complicated and is at any rate so arranged thatthe operator can manipulate it, while looking into the The abovementioned three principal parts are positively intere connected in sucha manner that the position of the pointed tool belonging to the copyingdevice proper with regard to the copy to be made always corresponds tothat point of the object to be copied that is indicated in thestereo-comparator.

A stereo-comparator is usually fitted with a double microscope, which isbinocular or monocular and contains a mark in each of the twoimage-fields or in the common image-field respectively. An ordinarystereocomparator comprises further three slides, a height-slide, abreadth-slide and a depthslide. The height-slide causes a relativedisplacement of the microscope and the photograms in theheight-direction of the latter, the breadth-slide just such a displacement in the breadth-direction of the photograms, while the depth-slidealters the distance apart of the photograms. A triple Slide system canalso serve as copying device. Let that slide, which is slidable in theheight-direction of the copy-carrier, be termed the copier height-slide.The two other slides are then the copier breadth-slide Specification ofLetters Patent.

Applicatian fil'ed December 13 1911.

Patented Mar. 17,1914. Serial N0. 665,573.

and the copier depth-slide. The sequence of the three slides isoptional. The pointed tool or the copy-carrier is to be mounted on thetop one, according as the copy-carrier or the tool is the fixed part. i

For copying a surface by copying lines comprising all points of the saidsurface, whlch have the same position as to height or breadth or depth,the copier height-slide or the COPlQlbIBldtll-Slld or the copierdepthshderespectively is set in a fixed position corresponding to thechosen height, breadth or depth on the slide next below it, in a givencase on the guide of the bottom slide.

The three comparator slides on the one hand, and the three copier slideson the other hand, are to be coupled as follows: When the two photogramsare displaced by the comparator breadth'slide, the comparatordepth-slide must be coupled with the copler breadth-slide and the copierdepthslide, and in such a manner that the distance between the twophotograms is maintained, when only the copier breadth-slide, but notthe copier depth-slide as well, changes its locus. The coupling betweenthe compara.-.

- tor depth-slide and the copier depth-slide is intended to give to thetool-point a distance from the zero-depth-plane (the copy, so to speak,of the vertical plane laid through the base-line determined by theobjectives used in taking the photograms), which is the product derivedfrom the length of this base-line, the focal length of the saidobjectives, the scale of reduction of the copy and the reciprocal of thesurplus, which the dis tance apart of the photograms, caused by thecomparator depth-slide, shows as compared with the minimum distancebelonging to infinitely distant object-points (which indeed is neverrealized).

The comparator height-slide and comparator breadth-slide are to becoupled, the former with the copier height-slide and the copierdepth-slide, the second with the copier breadth-slide and the copierdepth.- slide, in such a manner that thereby the toolpoint is given a(negative or positive) distance from the zeroheight-plane, or thezero-breadth-plane respectively, which distance is the product derivedfrom the (negative or positive) displacement of the comparatorheight-slide or comparator breadthslide respectively, from thezero-position, the. reciprocal of the focal length of the 0b jectivesused in taking the photograins and the distance of the tool-point fromthe zerodepth-plane.

In the annexed drawings Figure l is a plan view of an apparatusconstructed according to the invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical section online 2-2 in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line 3-8 in Fig. 1.Fig.

4C is a vertical section on line l& in Fig. 1;

system of rays coming from the left-hand and from the right-handobjective, so as to render the two images visible in moderately rapidsuccession. The microscope at is fixed by means of two standards a to aslide A, which is guided in the bed-plate d of the whole arrangement.The direction of displacement of the slide A is at the same time theheight-direction of the photograms e. The left-hand and the right-handphotogram are carried, in'the example illustrated, by the slides B and Crespectively, by means of which slides they may be displaced in theirbreadth direction. The connection between these two slides will beexplained below.

The copying device comprises a crossslide system consisting of threeslides A B and C Of these three slides the breadthslide B is disposed asthe lowest one and is guided ina straight line on the bed-plate d. Thedepth-slide C forms the middle, the height-slide A the top member of thecross-slide system, The tool can be attached to the slide A and isindicated in the drawing by the pointed style f, which is suitably setfor copying lines of depth.

The copy-carrier would then have to be set in a fixed position, as longas copying was being carried outfrom one and the same pair ofphotograms. It could e. g. be fixed to a table d". The slide A isfurther fitted with two handles g, so as to be guided with both hands bythe copyist, while he is observing in the ocular the coincidence ofcorresponding image-points with the mark. These twohandles in theexample shown represent the total system of actuating devices.

In the position of the whole arrangement, as shown in the drawing, thetool-point lies in the zero-height-plane A (Fig. 2), in thezero-breadth-plane B (Fig. 1) and at a distance h from thezero-depth-plane C (Fig. 1). For coupling the pair of slides B and Cwith the depth-slide C and by this means indirectly with thebreadth-slide B two levers i and 7c are provided, the axes of rotation iand 10 of which have afixed posi tion relatively to the bed-plate d. Theplane '5 /t' is parallel to the direction of displacement of the pair ofslides B and G and at a fixed distance Z from the studs m and n, whichare fitted to this pair of slides and engage in slots 1? and k of thelevers i and la. The distance Z is equal to the focal length of theobjectives used in producing the photograms 6. By means of the slots 2'and 71: the levers i and 7.: are guided on two other studs 0 and p,which are fitted to the depthslide C in a plane parallel to thedirection of displacement of the breadth-slide B Should it be requiredto determine the positionoi the zero-depth-plane 0, this plane will befound'to lie for each position of the tool-point as far behind thispoint as the fixed plane i lies behind the displaceable plane 0 p. Thisvariable distance is marked it in Figs. 1 and 2. The result of thedisposition described above is, that to a displacement of thebreadth-slide B which is not accompanied by a displacement of thedepth-slide C in the depth-direction, there corresponds a jointdisplacement of the slides B and C without an alteration of the distancebetween the two. In order to produce such an alteration of distance of asuitable size, when G is displaced in the depth-direction, the straightline 0 p is shorter by a certain amount than the straight line 6 70,viz. by the portion, which an imaginary line passing through 0 parallelto 79 70 would cut 0E from the line i" 70", which portion is equal tothe product derived from the base-line employed, when the photogramswere taken. and the scale of the copy.

The couplingof the slide A, which carries the microscope at, with theheight-slide A and thereby indirectly with the depthslide C may be seenfrom Fig. 2. The lever has here the form of a right-angled lever (7 Itspivot lies in the planet: 70 (Fig. 1 in a universal joint 1* s, which isfitted toa standard at at a point, which is higher by the focal lengthZ. than the driver 6 of the slide A. The lever g is slidable in theinner part 8 of the joint and is rotatable about the stud t. The otherlever g is rigidly connected with s and is slidable in the inner part itof a universal joint 10 c, which is fiton the slide B and the right-handone on the slide 13 C. The operator then grasps the two handles 9 g withboth hands and, while observing the photograms in the microscope,

displaces by means of said handles the crossslide system (and therebythe slides carrying the photograms) until the coincidence of anycorresponding image-points in the pair of photograms with the mark inthe microscope is obtained. The resultant position'of the point of thetool carried by the cross-slide system then gives the point on thesurface of the plastic-material, corresponding to the point ofcoincidence of the said image-points and mark, 71. e. to the position inspace of the corresponding objectpoint. This procedure is continued,Without the operator having to remove his eye i from the ocular, untilthe tool-point has traced out the complete surface of the plasticreproduction of the pair of photograms,

2'. 6. has. traced out a reproduction of the original object. I

I claim:

The combination with a stereo-comparator of a triple cross-slide, thethree slides of which are arranged one above the other, a pointed membercarried by the topmost of the three slides, a coupling positivelyconnecting the stereo-comparator and the triple slide and a system ofdevices adapted to actuate the slides and stereo-comparator andaccessible to the operator While he is look ing into thestereo-comparator.

EDUARD vo'iv OREL.

Witnesses:

PAUL Knit'ienn, FRITZ SANDER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner 0! Patents, Washington, I). C.

